The large intestine consists of the colon and rectum, which make up the final portion of the digestive tract. Cancer of the colon is one of the most common types of cancer, and is a leading cause of cancer deaths. Fortunately, it's also one of the most curable forms, if found and treated early. Colon cancer occurs most commonly in people over the age of 40. Symptoms include rectal bleeding, cramping pain in the abdomen, and a change in bowel habits. Some colon cancers may cause obstruction of the intestines, discomfort, weight loss, and anemia. Because this cancer develops over a period of time, it can be present long before symptoms appear. To detect potential problems, you're advised to have a digital rectal examination yearly by age 40, and a stool blood test every year starting at 50. Annual procto exams with a lighted scope are also recommended from age 50 on, though after two negative exams in a row, this test may only need to be repeated every three to five years. In cases where the entire colon must be examined, doctors may perform a procedure called a colonoscopy (coe-lun-OSS-kuh-pee), in which a long, flexible instrument is advanced far into the large intestine. Biopsies of suspicious tissue may be taken during this exam. If cancer is found, treatment may include some combination of surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Remember, early detection offers the best chance for cure, so if you experience symptoms of colon or rectal cancer, contact a health care provider immediately.
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